Floods occurring around the world cause damage estimated at hundreds of billions of dollars, and climate change is increasing its severity. As a consequence, there is pressure to use tools to reduce the risks associated with the effects of such natural disasters. The literature shows that the available forms of flood risk transfer in financial terms are used to a limited extent by households. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors influencing insurance attitudes in the context of flood risk insurance. The presented research focuses on the search for answers to the questions: whether the propensity to insure against flood risk depends on the wealth of the household, whether the insured and the uninsured have a different approach to financial support provided by public aid to those affected by floods, and how the insured households perceive the cost of the insurance policy against flood hazards. In this study, a research tool was used in the form of a questionnaire, which was completed by 657 residents of single-family houses located in areas where floods occurred in 2015–2020.