ARTYKUŁ
Neutralisation Techniques in the Realm of Digital Piracy
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1
Katedra Mikroekonomii i Ekonomii Instytucjonalnej, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu, Polska
2
Katedra Zarządzania Strategicznego i Logistyki, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny
we Wrocławiu, Polska
Submission date: 2025-01-29
Final revision date: 2026-06-30
Acceptance date: 2026-06-30
Online publication date: 2026-09-15
Publication date: 2026-09-15
Corresponding author
Jakub Marcinkowski
Katedra Zarządzania Strategicznego i Logistyki, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny
we Wrocławiu, Polska
Ekonomista 2026;(3):489-507
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ABSTRACT
The article situates itself within the Law & Economics tradition, in the area of intellectual property law, which determines the
allocation of digital goods. The study examines how neutralisation techniques are used to explain the reasons for using pirated
access to information goods. The article aims to answer the following research questions: (Q1) Which neutralisation techniques
are most frequently used by individuals accessing digital information through pirate sources? (Q2) Is the frequency distribution
of preferred neutralisation techniques among individuals using pirate sources the same as among those who do not use them?
The research material, collected in 2022, is derived from a CAWI survey (sample of 1500 respondents). Two methods were utilised:
prioritising the reasons for using pirated sources and comparing the response structures in two groups, users and non-users,
referred to as pirates and non-pirates. The results indicate that the most commonly used neutralisation techniques are denial of
responsibility and appeal to higher loyalties, with significant differences observed in the responses of non-users of pirated sources.
FUNDING
This research was conducted as part of the Digital Piracy Identification and Measurement
Project, fully funded by a grant from the National Science Centre in Poland (2021/05/X/HS4/00362).
DATA AVAILABILITY
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.